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Move into Iran, Sudan would be an accomplishment: Google
“Hopefully it will help… activities all over the world take a small step in what is certainly a long road ahead,” said Robert Boorstin, a head of the communications division at Google.
He was speaking at a human rights forum in Geneva.
Boorstin said that Internet freedoms were under threat in both Western democracies and countries with fewer liberties, in different ways. He cited China and Italy as countries that have recently taken steps against what he perceived as online rights.
The US Treasury Department said Monday it was easing restrictions on US companies that export Internet services and software to Iran, Cuba and Sudan, long-time foes of Washington.
The administration hopes that access to web-based communications will foster more open societies.
Companies like Microsoft, Google and Yahoo are expected to gain from the move, having been stifled by strict export controls.
Mar 5, 2010
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3 Spaniards charged with running illegal computer network

Three Spanish nationals ran a network of more than 13 million “zombie computers” that accessed the bank-account information of upwards of 800,000 people, authorities here said.
Zombie computers are virus-infected PCs hijacked by hackers to steal data, conduct illegal transactions or carry out coordinated attacks on institutional websites and servers.
The “Mariposa” network, which was dismantled by Spain’s Guardia Civil national police in collaboration with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, penetrated the computer systems of 500 companies, including more than 40 major banks, Spanish cybercrime unit chief Juan Salom told a press conference in Madrid Wednesday.
The three suspects arrested Tuesday in Spain were released on bail pending trial.
Ranging in age from 25 to 31, the suspects apparently earned a comfortable living from renting out the zombie network to other computer pirates, Spanish authorities said.
They said the suspects, who adopted the online aliases “Netkario”, “OsTiaToR” and “Johnyloleante”, created the network with a software programme they bought on the black market.
Defence Intelligence, a private Canadian firm, detected the activity of the Mariposa network last May and alerted the FBI, which in turn notified the Guardia Civil that the illicit net appeared to be run from Spain.
The Guardia Civil then launched a probe that led eventually to “Netkario”.
Last December, the FBI, Guardia Civil and information-security companies joined in an operation to dismantle the illicit network.
Within days, however, the pirates regained control of some of the zombie computers and mounted a cyber-attack that crippled the servers of Defence Intelligence.
In light of the potential for greater harm, the Guardia Civil referred the case to Spain’s National Court, which ordered the arrest of the three suspects.
China plans to launch unmanned space module next year

Mar 2, 2010
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Operate multiple accounts with single password

A little-used internet authentication system from the 1980s could enable web users to securely log in only once per internet session, says a new study.
PhD researcher S. Suriadi from Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Information Security Institute said a secure single sign-on system was more than simply using the same password for multiple accounts.
Suriadi said any future single sign-on system, which could potentially give web users
access to a multitude of accounts, including e-mail, bank and shopping, would require
extreme privacy to avoid information spies and account hackers.
“Single sign-on systems are already being used by organisations,” he said. “For example, a bank could link their internet banking site to an online trading site, thus relieving users from having to perform an extra log in step.
“However, if one of the parties is compromised, for example by a virus, a ‘denial of
service’ attack or insecure set-up, it puts all the user’s linked accounts at risk.”
Suriadi said his research investigated a little-used “anonymous credential system”, which dates back to the 1980s, but recently received renewed interest from the research community.
“Using this credential system, we could enhance the security and privacy of a single
sign-on system,” he said.
“The system works by revealing as little information about who you are as necessary for
logging into an account, therefore allowing you to remain anonymous.
“This way, a company wouldn’t be able to track your shopping habits and target spam or
marketing at you. This method could also confirm you are over 18 and not reveal your
birthday.”
Suriadi said a single sign-on system backed by the anonymous credential system
required the cooperation of businesses and organisations to enable it.
“One use of this could be for the research community, with online libraries and databases applying the anonymous credential system so that the privacy of researchers
can be preserved,” he said, according to a QUT release.
Chandrayaan-I finds ice near Moon’s north pole




Using data from a NASA radar that flew aboard India’s Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, scientists have detected ice deposits totalling at least an estimated 600 million metric tons near the moon’s north pole. NASA’s Mini-SAR instrument, a lightweight, synthetic aperture radar, found more than 40 small craters ranging in size from 2 to 15 km in diameter with water ice, the US space agency announced Monday.
“The emerging picture from the multiple measurements and resulting data of the instruments on lunar missions indicates that water creation, migration, deposition and retention are occurring on the moon,” said Paul Spudis, principal investigator of the Mini-SAR experiment at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston.
“The new discoveries show the moon is an even more interesting and attractive scientific, exploration and operational destination than people had previously thought.”
“After analysing the data, our science team determined a strong indication of water ice, a finding which will give future missions a new target to further explore and exploit,” said Jason Crusan, programme executive for the Mini-RF Programme for NASA’s Space Operations Mission Directorate in Washington.
The Mini-SAR’s findings are consistent with recent findings of other NASA instruments and add to the growing scientific understanding of the multiple forms of water found on the moon, NASA said.
The agency’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper discovered water molecules in the moon’s polar regions, while water vapour was detected by NASA’s Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS.
Mini-SAR, a lightweight (less than 10 kg) imaging radar, and Moon Mineralogy Mapper are two of 11 instruments carried by the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1.
The Mini-SAR has imaged many of the permanently shadowed regions that exist at both poles of the moon. These dark areas are extremely cold and it has been hypothesised that volatile material, including water ice, could be present in quantity there.
The main science object of the Mini-SAR experiment is to map and characterise any deposits that exist.
Numerous craters near the poles of the moon have interiors that are in permanent sun shadow. These areas are very cold and water ice is stable there, essentially indefinitely.
Fresh craters show high degrees of surface roughness (high circular polarisation ratio – CPR) both inside and outside the crater rim, caused by sharp rocks and block fields that are distributed over the entire crater area, NASA said.
However, Mini-SAR has found craters near the north pole that have high CPR inside, but not outside their rims. This relation suggests that the high CPR is not caused by roughness, but by some material that is restricted within the interiors of these craters.
“We interpret this relation as consistent with water ice present in these craters. The ice must be relatively pure and at least a couple of metres thick to give this signature,” NASA said.
The estimated amount of water ice potentially present is comparable to the quantity estimated solely from the previous mission of Lunar Prospector’s neutron data (several hundred million metric tons).
The variation in the estimates between Mini-SAR and the Lunar Prospector’s neutron spectrometer is due to the fact that it only measures to depths of about one-half metre, so it would underestimate the total quantity of water ice present, NASA said.
At least some of the polar ice is mixed with lunar soil and thus, invisible to the NASA radar, it said.
Mar 1, 2010
Global warming likely to impact rainfall patterns
Climate models project that the global average temperature will rise about 1 degree C by mid-century, if we continue with business as usual and emit greenhouse gases.
The global average, though, does not tell us anything about what will happen to regional climates.
Analysing global model warming projections in models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a team headed by meteorologist Shang-Ping Xie at the University of Hawaii finds that ocean temperature patterns in the tropics and sub-tropics will change in ways that will significantly alter rainfall patterns.
Scientists have mostly assumed that the surfaces of oceans will warm rather evenly in the tropics. This assumption has led to “wetter-gets-wetter” and “drier-gets-drier” regional rainfall projections.
Xie’s team has gathered evidence that, although ocean surface temperatures can be expected to increase mostly everywhere by mid-century, the increase may differ by up to 1.5°Cdepending upon the region.
“Compared to the mean projected rise of 1°C, such differences are fairly large and can have a pronounced impact on tropical and subtropical climate by altering atmospheric heating patterns and therefore rainfall,” explains Xie.
“Our results broadly indicate that regions of peak sea surface temperature will get wetter, and those relatively cool will get drier,” adds Xie, according to the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
The study is slated for publication in the Journal of Climate this month.